Calling for Change

Cicero notes that deliberative rhetoric is most comfortable “in a political debate and involves the expression of an opinion” (De Inventione Book I 17).

Lunsford and Ruszkiewicz expand by noting that deliberative rhetoric seeks to “establish policies for the future” (12). Arguing for reform to the status quo through practice or policy proposals, the deliberative rhetor looks at past evidence to inform the future as the means by which to “call for some kind of action” (192).

Beth Simone Noveck, in “Transparent Space: Law, Technology and Deliberative Democracy in the Information Society,” adds that in a deliberative democracy communities concentrate “ on self-governance by means of [an] ongoing reflective debate” that assumes “an even balance of power among individuals within communities, in particular a balance in the conversation within the public sphere” (par 2-3).